^(EN) F. Gill e D. Donsker (a cura di), Family Fringillidae, in IOC World Bird Names (ver 9.2), International Ornithologists’ Union, 2019. URL consultato l'11 maggio 2014.
^ Steven G Fancy, C. John Ralph, ʻApapane (PDF), in A. Poole; F. Gill (a cura di), Birds of North America, vol. 296, Academy of Natural Sciences, 1997.